ESTRELLA IMMUNOPHARMA INC

Estrella Immunopharma Inc. is a clinical-stage biotechnology company whose core business model relies on animal testing to develop its therapeutic candidates. The company’s preclinical research and regulatory submission processes inherently involve the commercial use of animals in laboratory experiments. This activity is central to its operations, as the company cannot advance its drug candidates through required regulatory pathways without conducting animal studies.

The evidence gathered from public disclosures is generic and does not detail the specific scale, species, or protocols involved in Estrella's animal testing. The company's SEC filings reference standard risks related to clinical trials and regulatory approvals but do not provide disclosures about its animal use policies, the number of animals used, or any efforts to adopt alternative testing methods. Without more specific public evidence, the exclusion rests on the fundamental nature of its business: as a preclinical biotech firm, animal exploitation is an unavoidable and material component of its research and development activities.