Harley-Davidson, Inc.

Harley-Davidson manufactures and sells motorcycles whose primary function is recreational riding. The company’s core business involves producing heavy machinery designed for use on public roads. This activity inherently contributes to the widespread harm and killing of animals, particularly through vehicle collisions. Wildlife-vehicle conflicts are a documented cause of significant animal mortality, and motorcycles, as a class of vehicle, are part of this infrastructure of harm.

The provided evidence details a 2016 U.S. EPA enforcement action where Harley-Davidson agreed to stop selling illegal aftermarket “defeat devices” and paid a $12 million civil penalty for violating the Clean Air Act. While this specific violation pertains to air pollution from uncertified tuning equipment, it underscores a pattern of the company's products being modified to operate outside regulatory frameworks designed to limit environmental and community impact. The manufacture of the vehicles themselves, which are central to the company's revenue, directly enables the commercial-scale exploitation of animals through road-based mortality.