SS INNOVATIONS INTERNATIONAL INC

SS Innovations International, Inc. manufactures and markets surgical robotic systems, including its flagship SSi Mantra platform, designed for use in cardiac, thoracic, and urological procedures. The company’s core business is the sale of robotic hardware and instruments intended for invasive surgery on animals, including canines and swine, as a standard part of its product development, training, and demonstration cycle. Its business model relies on animal testing to achieve regulatory clearance and to train surgeons, directly commercializing equipment whose purpose is to perform invasive procedures on live animals.

The company’s public filings and promotional materials detail the use of animal models to demonstrate surgical efficacy. This positions SS Innovations within the exclusion category for commercial exploitation of animals, as its primary revenue-generating activity is predicated on the large-scale use of animals in harmful, non-therapeutic procedures. There is no public commitment to replace animal testing with validated alternative methods in its development or training pipeline.